06/18/2026
Your business may have a valuable opportunity to claim larger deductions or refunds for research and experimentation (R&E) expenses.
Starting in 2022, businesses had to amortize domestic R&E costs over five years rather than deducting them immediately. This rule created cash-flow problems for many businesses that developed new products, improved processes, wrote custom software, or conducted experiments to advance their operations.
Recent tax law changes now restore more favorable treatment of domestic research expenses, effective in 2025. In many cases, you may deduct these costs in full in the year you pay or incur them. (Foreign research expenses still generally must be amortized over 15 years.)
The new rules may also help you recover deductions from 2022, 2023, and 2024. Depending on your situation, you may have several options.
You may choose to retain prior-year costs on their existing amortization schedule and use the new full-expensing rules from now on. This approach is simple but may delay tax benefits.
Alternatively, you may deduct your remaining unamortized 2022-2024 domestic research expenses in 2025, or split the deduction between 2025 and 2026. This option may provide a significant current deduction.
Certain small businesses may have a third option: amending 2022, 2023, and 2024 returns to claim full deductions retroactively. This option may generate refunds, but it comes with strict deadlines—generally the earlier of July 6, 2026, or the expiration of the statute of limitations for the affected return. If a year is already closed, this option may produce unfavorable results.
The best path depends on your business size, filing history, income, and prior research deductions as well as whether you claimed research credits.