12/20/2024
Thirty-nine states will begin 2025 with notable tax changes, including nine states cutting individual income taxes (two of them implementing flat taxes), three states cutting corporate income taxes, and two states adopting new first-year expensing provisions. Generally, state tax changes take effect either at the start of the calendar year (January 1) or the fiscal year (July 1 for most states), with rate changes for major taxes typically implemented effective January 1—either prospectively, as in these cases, or retroactively, as may happen under legislation enacted in the new year.
Recent years have seen a wave of significant tax reforms, and the changes scheduled for 2025 show that these efforts have not let up. The evidence of the past four years indicates that many states understand and value the importance of creating and maintaining a stable, pro-growth, and competitive tax code.
Summary of State Tax Changes
Individual Income Tax Changes
Nine states—Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, and West Virginia—will cut individual income tax rates on January 1, 2025, with another (South Carolina) making a temporary reduction permanent, with further cuts on the way. Iowa and Louisiana will transition to single-rate income taxes, continuing a recent trend of states adopting flat income taxes. New Hampshire’s tax on interest and dividends income has been repealed. And Hawaii, a state that does not automatically index its brackets to inflation, will substantially widen bracket widths in 2025, exposing more income to lower marginal rates.
State Individual Income Tax Rate Changes
Top Marginal Rates, 2024 and 2025
State 2024 2025
Indiana 3.05% 3.00%
Iowa 5.70% 3.80%
Louisiana 4.25% 3.00%
Mississippi 4.70% 4.40%
Missouri 4.80% 4.70%
Nebraska 5.84% 5.20%
North Carolina 4.75% 4.50%
West Virginia