06/05/2024
When to Take Social Security?
Deciding when to start receiving Social Security is a complex decision that depends on various factors. Here's a breakdown to help you understand your options and make an informed choice.
You can start drawing Social Security as early as age 62, but there's a significant penalty for doing so before your full retirement age (FRA). Despite this, many retirees choose to start early. In fact, 47% of retirees begin drawing benefits between 62-64. But why?
Full Retirement Age (FRA) varies: it's 65 for those born before 1943 and scales up to 67 for those born after 1960. The SSA has a chart detailing FRA based on birth year, along with numerous rules and exceptions for benefits, including spousal and survivor benefits.
If you retire less than 36 months before your FRA, your benefits are reduced by 5/9 of 1% for each month. Retiring exactly three years early results in a 20% reduction. For each additional month beyond 36 months, benefits are further reduced by 5/12 of 1% per month. The SSA website has a handy chart to see how much your monthly benefit will be reduced if you retire early, and it also shows the reduction in spousal benefits.
Delaying retirement beyond your FRA can increase your benefits by up to 8% per year, up to three years. For instance, if you were born in 1960 and retire at 70 instead of 67, your monthly benefit increases from 100% to 124%. The SSA website offers calculators for various scenarios, making it easier to plan.
In 2023, the average monthly Social Security benefit is $1,827. This amount varies based on when you start drawing benefits. Understanding how benefits change if you retire early, on time, or late can help you visualize the impact.
Why do many retire early despite the benefits of waiting? Concerns about Social Security's future, life expectancy considerations, and medical issues play a role. While Social Security faces challenges, it's not expected to become insolvent. Starting benefits at 62 might seem like a way to avoid losing money, but longer lifespans and medical costs make higher benefits later more valuable.
Life expectancy is a crucial factor. If you live longer, waiting to draw benefits can mean more total income. Evaluate whether the lower-earning spouse should take benefits earlier while the higher-earning spouse delays. This strategy can maximize total benefits.
Medical costs also matter. Retiring before 65 means you won't yet be eligible for Medicare. If your job provided health benefits, retiring early might mean paying more out of pocket, reducing your net Social Security benefit.
Deferring benefits can be advantageous, especially if you expect to live long past your FRA. Consider your health, your spouse's potential benefits, and use SSA tools to see the impact of different claiming ages.
Women, who typically live longer and may need more care in old age, should especially consider delaying benefits. A higher Social Security benefit can help cover the costs of care needed in later years.
Planning for Social Security involves some math, but the SSA provides resources to help. Evaluate your options, consider your health and longevity, and make an informed decision about when to start receiving benefits.