05/06/2026
If you are self-employed and you have ever looked at your self-assessment bill and wondered why the National Insurance figure is what it is, this one is for you.
Most people know that employees pay National Insurance. Fewer people understand how it works when you are self-employed, because nobody explains it clearly.
Here is the straightforward version.
You pay one main type: Class 4. This is calculated as a percentage of your profits. Currently, 6% on profits between £12,570 and £50,270, then 2% on anything above that. It is collected through your self-assessment return, not through payroll.
Class 2 National Insurance, which used to be a compulsory flat weekly payment, has not been compulsory since April 2024. If your profits are above £7,105 per year, you receive a qualifying year towards your state pension automatically, without needing to pay anything extra. If your profits fall below that threshold, you can choose to pay voluntary Class 2 contributions, currently £3.65 per week, to protect your National Insurance record and state pension entitlement.
Two things that often catch people out.
Self-employed National Insurance does not give you entitlement to statutory sick pay or statutory maternity pay. Those protections do not exist in the same way they do for employees. Planning for that gap matters.
If you have both employment income and self-employment income in the same year, there are rules that cap how much National Insurance you pay in total. Most people do not know this rule exists and end up overpaying.
Your accountant should be across both of these points as a matter of course. If you are not sure whether yours is, that is worth finding out.
DM us, and we will take a look at your National Insurance position.