12/06/2026
π Staff Training Insights β Incoterms 2020
Today our team participated in an engaging training session conducted by Mr. Jeffin Joseph focusing on Incoterms.
Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) were created by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) to provide a common set of rules for international trade, helping businesses clearly define who is responsible for transportation, insurance, customs procedures, and risk transfer.
πΉ Every Incoterm Answers 3 Questions:
β’ Who Pays? Which party bears which transportation and logistics costs.
β’ Who Arranges Transport? Which party is responsible for booking and organizing the shipment.
β’ When Does Risk Move? At which point does the liability for loss or damage transfer from seller to buyer.
πΉ The Two Big Groups:
β’ GROUP 1 (Freight Collect): Buyer takes responsibility earlier (EXW, FCA, FAS, FOB).
β’ GROUP 2 (Freight Prepaid): Seller pays for more transportation (CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP).
πΉ Key Takeaways:
β’ Sea Transport ONLY: FAS, FOB, CFR, and CIF.
β’ Any Transport Mode: EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, and DDP.
β’ Risk transfer and freight payment are NOT the same (e.g., CFR/CIF split them at the loading port).
β’ Incoterms define responsibilities, costs, and risk transfer, but do not determine ownership of goods.
At Jaxa Chartered Accountants, we remain committed to strengthening tax and audit excellence through structured training programmes, knowledge sharing, and practical guidance, ensuring our team consistently delivers high-quality and compliant professional services.